A literature review of commercially available demineralized bone matrix products and their clinical evidence in acute fractures, nonunions, and fusion procedures

Abstract

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an allograft obtained from human cadaveric bone that has osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. A wide array of specific DBM products is available, and each has its own biochemical, safety, and efficacy profiles. This study reviews comparison studies of brand-specific DBM products, including Allomatrix (Wright Medical Technology, Memphis, Tennessee), DBX (Depuy Synthes, Suchwil, Switzerland), Grafton (Osteotech, Eatontown, New Jersey), Orthoblast (Integra Orthobiologics, Plainsboro, New Jersey), and Osteosponge (Bacterin International, Belgrade, Montana), in an attempt to propose the most efficacious DBM product for bone grafting of various orthopaedic applications. Secondarily, we evaluate these specific DBM products in their potential use of tibial plateau fractures, which our future clinical research aims to achieve. A definitive gold-standard DBM product is lacking for orthopaedic use because of the scarcity of clinical research comparing specific brand products, limited study sample sizes, and lack of standardization in the creation of DBM products. Level of Evidence: Level III.