A Literature Review Applying the Social-Ecological Framework for Black Children with OSA

Abstract

Aim
 The purpose of this literature review is to compile an up-to-date overview of the academic literature on the parental detection of OSA in children and its subsequent diagnosis and treatment. The existing literature serves as evidence for this phenomenon, which is explored using the social ecological model as a framework for inquiry.
 
 Methodology
 A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar between July and August 2020 and July 2022 to assess the various factors affecting parental detection of obstructive sleep apnea in their children. Different combinations of keywords such as “health disparities”, “racial disparities”, “racial differences”, “implicit bias”, “pediatric OSA”, “adult OSA”, “pediatric obstructive sleep apnea”, “pediatric sleep health”, “OSA treatment”, “OSA diagnosis”, “OSA detection” and “parental experiences” were used to find relevant studies and reviews.
 Results
 OSA knowledge is important for detection by parents, family members, and teachers who are constantly around children. They are the main interpersonal supports that detect OSA and prevent delay in detection. The community support roles are health care providers and specialists that can monitor the progression of OSA and ensure adequate treatment. Additionally, the access of children to care can act as a barrier of OSA treatment.
 Conclusions
 Black children experience pediatric OSA severity more than their white counterparts based on the factors outlined in the socio-ecological framework.