Abstract

Liquid-hydrogen targets are frequently used in research work carried out in accelerators. The main requirements laid upon such targets are; economy, represented by a low evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen, a small thickness of constructional materials in the “in” and “out” paths of the beam and reaction products (ensuring the recording of charged products over a wide range of angles and energies and also a low level of background from the “empty” target), simplicity in manufacture, and convenience and reliability in operation.

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