Abstract
Mechanical imaging systems focus images by using tiny motors and drivers to position the lens physically. The miniaturization of mechanical systems requires precision engineering and is limited by the tolerances of the machining tools. Kuiper and Hendriks demonstrate that the meniscus, or curvature, of the interface between two immiscible liquids can be controlled by application of an electrostatic potential. They go on to show that this effect can be used to instantiate a variable focus lens by building a miniature camera suitable for incorporation into a mobile phone. Without any moving parts, the liquid lens should find immediate application in a wide range of optical devices where size, speed, and robustness are critical requirements. — ISO
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