Abstract

 
 
 The objective of this work is to investigate the linguistic structure of Iraqi Arabic or what is known as Mesopotamian Arabic. The paper presents an overview of some of the fundamental analyses of Iraqi Arabic - Mesopotamian Arabic. This article is concentrated on the most important parts of the language which are the phonological, morphological, and syntactical features. The paper not only examines the linguistic feature of Iraqi Arabic but it also, discusses how Iraqi Arabic dialect is different from Modern Standard Arabic with data that are not considered before and with certain new theoretical proposals. The researcher analysis the three dialects, which are Baghdadi, Southern, and Maslawi dialect and provides an important data for each dialect. Unlike Modern Standard Arabic, Iraqi Arabic went through many changes. Phonologically, Iraqi Arabic has more consonants than Modern Standard Arabic, and a few additional long vowels. Many sounds have been replaced with different sounds. In addition, the words in Iraqi Arabic does not end with vowels. Therefore, words end with consonants rather than vowels in Iraqi Arabic. Morphologically, Iraqi Arabic is different from Modern Standard Arabic in the present progressive tense. In Iraqi Arabic, the tenses are formed by adding a prefix to the conjugated stem of the verb, which cannot be found in Modern Standard Arabic. Syntactically, Iraqi Arabic differs from Modern Standard Arabic in two ways: first, there is no case marking; Iraqi Arabic does not show overt cases as it is found in Modern Standard Arabic. Second, Iraqi Arabic lacks agreement. Iraqi Arabic does not always follow the structure of verb-subject order as found in Modern Standard Arabic. The verb usually has full agreement with the subject in both orders, subject-verb, and verb-subject. Finally, Iraqi Arabic has an interesting feature which is head movement that cannot be found in Modern Standard Arabic as Soltan argues. This is can be shown in the following example: [The student seems that ____ he read the book.] Among the other issues that the author discusses in this study is the history of Iraqi Arabic. In addition to the features of Iraqi Arabic and the effects of other languages, such as Turkish and Semitic languages on Iraqi dialects.
 
 
Highlights
Arabic language is an assembly of numerous variants, among which MSA has a unique position as the official written standard language of broadcast, art, music, literature and education throughout the Arab world
The majority of Iraqi people still use some of the words that are from Semitic languages, such as the famous word ‘aku’ in Iraqi dialect, which replces the word ‘aka’ in the Semitic language, which means ‘exists.’ It seems that the root of the verb ‘anty,’ ‘Antini’ in Iraqi Arabic, is closer to Aramaic than MSA ‘aatini,’ which means ‘give me’ (Al-Shebi, 1965)
The study tries to reach possible answers for the questions that have been raised through this work
Summary
Arabic language is an assembly of numerous variants, among which MSA has a unique position as the official written standard language of broadcast, art, music, literature and education throughout the Arab world. This in turn raises the question of how far did the invasions affect Iraqi Arabic? Aramaic was the lingua franca in Iraq for many years, and, as may be expected, Iraqi Arabic demonstrates signs of an Aramaic substrate; the Gelet variety has kept the features of Babyloian Aramaic, until Iraq was affected by the Mongol occupation in 1258 In this era, many things changed, including the language (Kessler, 2003). According to Al-Shabi (1965) Iraqi Arabic was affected by the Mongol occupation early in the second half of the seventh (656 AH) In this era, many things had changed including the language. It is wrong to return the original of Iraqi dialects to one of the Arabic community, such as the dialect of Bin Tamim, and consider its origins as Kḫalījī dialect (the dialect of the Gulf).” The author illustrates that in the history of Iraqi linguistics, Iraqi dialect is considered a pure Iraqi dialect, and its influence has increased to the Gulf countries because of the effects of marriage, culture relations and trade (p, 9)
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