A Linear Velocity Gradient in the Subsolar Magnetosheath

Abstract

AbstractTracking the location and motion of the bow shock and magnetopause can reveal many aspects concerning the nature of the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction. In the absence of missions that image the magnetopause, we propose to detect and track the magnetopause and bow shock motion using multipoint in situ observations of the magnetosheath. Making theoretical assumptions corroborated by numerical simulations, Sibeck et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030704) proposed a method to predict the subsolar magnetopause and the bow shock from the linear variation in magnetosheath plasma velocity expected from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations along the Sun‐Earth line. This paper presents a case study that employs the velocity gradient method using multi‐point THEMIS plasma observations from 21 to 22 June 2007. Using the five THEMIS spacecraft we demonstrate that the radial gradient in plasma velocity remains nearly linear across the subsolar magnetosheath, except when the magnetosheath lies behind the quasi‐parallel bow shock and conditions are very turbulent. The bow shock and magnetopause move outward in response to a gradual decrease in solar wind dynamic pressure. We show that results from the velocity gradient method agree well with predictions of global magnetohydrodynamic and empirical models for this time interval. The velocity gradient method can therefore be used to remotely determine the location of the magnetopause and bow shock, solely based on two‐spacecraft measurements at the subsolar magnetosheath when not downstream of the quasi‐parallel shock.