Abstract
A LiNbO3 integrated optics sensor fusing with an optical waveguide Mache–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), a loop-antenna, and a segmented electrode has been proposed, designed, and fabricated for the measurement of pulsed current. The experiment results have demonstrated that, for measurement of the standard 8/20 μs lightning pulsed current, the average of the front time and duration time of the sensor detected pulsed current waveform are 7.00 μs and 19.78 μs, respectively, while those detected by the Person CT are 7.30 μs and 20.35 μs, respectively. From 100 A to 3300 A, the sensor shows good linear characteristics, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9989. Moreover, the minimum detectable pulsed current is about 66 A in the time domain. All these results reveal the sensor can provide a new and potential technology for the measurement of pulsed current in the time domain.
Highlights
The time domain measurement of high-level pulsed current plays an important role regarding research of the electromagnetic effect and protection [1]
As the measured current is proportional to the derivative of the magnetic flux, an integrator is required to retrieve the pulsed current waveform, and the direct current (DC) component could not be detected
A new current measurement method with a tiny printed circuit board (PCB) Rogowski coils sensor embedded in an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module has been proposed to measure the DC component by picking up a switching current flowing through an IGBT chip [9,10,11]
Summary
The time domain measurement of high-level pulsed current plays an important role regarding research of the electromagnetic effect and protection [1]. A LiNbO3 integrated optics sensor that consists of an optical waveguide Mache–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) fused with a loop-antenna and segmented electrode has been proposed, designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated for the measurement of pulsed current in the time domain. As the pulsed current is modulated on the lightwave based on the electro-optic (EO) effect of the lithium niobate (LN) crystal, the sensor has a sufficiently fast response that can be used to measure the time domain waveform of the fast pulsed current. The output linear polarized light beam from the tunable laser is transmitted to the integrated optical waveguide current sensor by using the PMF. Based on the EO effect of the LN crystal, the light beam travelling through the optical waveguide is modulated by the induced voltage, which causes the electric current to be modulated onto the optical carrier. According to (8), the electric current under measurement is linear with output optical power of the sensor, and, by using a PD to convert the output optical signal into electrical, the electric current can be measured
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