Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) introduces many new challenges which cannot be solved using traditional cloud and host computing models. A new architecture known as fog computing is emerging to address these technological and security gaps. Traditional security paradigms focused on providing perimeter-based protections and client/server point to point protocols (e.g., Transport Layer Security (TLS)) are no longer the best choices for addressing new security challenges in fog computing end devices, where energy and computational resources are limited. In this paper, we present a lightweight secure streaming protocol for the fog computing “Fog Node-End Device” layer. This protocol is lightweight, connectionless, supports broadcast and multicast operations, and is able to provide data source authentication, data integrity, and confidentiality. The protocol is based on simple and energy efficient cryptographic methods, such as Hash Message Authentication Codes (HMAC) and symmetrical ciphers, and uses modified User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets to embed authentication data into streaming data. Data redundancy could be added to improve reliability in lossy networks. The experimental results summarized in this paper confirm that the proposed method efficiently uses energy and computational resources and at the same time provides security properties on par with the Datagram TLS (DTLS) standard.
Highlights
The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) introduces many new challenges that cannot be adequately addressed by today’s cloud and host computing models alone [1,2]
All n data fragments comprising a full segment of packets should be collected and Hash Message Authentication Codes (HMAC) digest calculated on the data of all these packets using key k i, mac2 = HMAC (k i, data), where data is the concatenation of the data of all packets comprising the current data segment
The total amount of plain data sent through the network interface is exactly the same in both cases, but time taken to send all the packets is slightly bigger in the case of M1
Summary
The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) introduces many new challenges that cannot be adequately addressed by today’s cloud and host computing models alone [1,2]. The most important challenges include (i) stringent latency requirements, (ii) network bandwidth constraints, (iii) device resource constraints, (iv) uninterrupted services with intermittent connectivity to the cloud, and (v) new security challenges. A study proposed by HP Fortify claims that 70% of the most commonly used IoT devices contain security vulnerabilities [3]. On the way to addressing these technological and security gaps, the IoT will require a new architecture known as fog computing [4], that distributes computing, control, storage, and networking functions closer to end user devices. Fog computing can be presented as a three-layer hierarchical architecture: Cloud-Fog-End Devices (Figure 1).
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