A latent class analysis of family eating habits in families with adolescents

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to identify adolescent classes based on perceptions of their family's eating habits and to determine whether these classes differ in terms of family meal frequency and source, parents and adolescent diet quality, nutritional status, satisfaction with life, family life and food-related life. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 300 two-parent families with one child between 10 and 17 years in Chile. Questionnaires included the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Satisfaction with Food-related Life scale (SWFoL), the Satisfaction with Family Life scale (SWFaL) and the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Adolescents also answered the Family Eating Habits Questionnaire (FEHQ). Latent class (LC) analysis was used to estimate the number of classes associated with the adolescent's perceptions about their family's eating habits, based on the three factors detected in the FEHQ. The LC analysis yielded three classes: “medium cohesion around family meals/healthy food-related parenting practices” (Class 1, 50.4%), “high cohesion around family meals/healthy food-related parenting practices” (Class 2, 25.9%) and “high cohesion around family meals/unhealthy food-related parenting practices” (Class 3, 23.7%). Classes also differed in the adolescents AHEI score, frequency and source of family meals; body mass index, SWLS and SWFaL scores in mothers, fathers and adolescents, adolescent sex and household financial situation. These findings suggest that frequent and cohesive family meals improve the well-being in both parents and adolescents, but are not enough to achieve healthier diets and weight statuses in adolescents.