Abstract
In this study, the Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation and climate development of the Urmia region in northwestern Iran are discussed. The pollen evidence indicates that Artemisia steppe dominated the area up to about 9000 yr B.P. Precipitation, possibly in the form of torrential showers, ran off directly to the lake basin. Some increase in precipitation enabled a grass steppe to develop during the middle part of the Late Glacial. During this period detrital minerals were hardly transported to the lake. It is assumed that the increase in precipitation caused an increase in vegetation cover which in turn prevented direct run-off. Between 9000 and 8000 yr B.P. forest-steppe developed and c. 7000 yr B.P. vegetation became established that is similar to the present vegetation. The pollen diagrams of Urmia, Zeribar (Iran), Van (eastern Turkey) and Akgöl (central Turkey) were correlated with each other. The age of the Van diagram, based upon varve dating, falls out of line, which throws doubt upon the validity of the dating method for this site.
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