A Laser Reduced Graphene Oxide Grid Electrode for the Voltammetric Determination of Carbaryl.

Muhammad Saqib,Jiri Barek,Anastasiia V Shabalina,Elena I Korotkova,Vlastimil Vyskocil,Elena V Dorozhko

doi:10.3390/molecules26165050

Abstract

Laser-reduced graphene oxide (LRGO) on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was prepared in one step to obtain the LRGO grid electrode for sensitive carbaryl determination. The grid form results in a grid distribution of different electrochemically active zones affecting the electroactive substance diffusion towards the electrode surface and increasing the electrochemical sensitivity for carbaryl determination. Carbaryl is electrochemically irreversibly oxidized at the secondary amine moiety of the molecule with the loss of one proton and one electron in the pH range from 5 to 7 by linear scan voltammetry (LSV) on the LRGO grid electrode with a scan rate of 300 mV/s. Some interference of the juice matrix molecules does not significantly affect the LSV oxidation current of carbaryl on the LRGO grid electrode after adsorptive accumulation without applied potential. The LRGO grid electrode can be used for LSV determination of carbaryl in fruit juices in the concentration range from 0.25 to 128 mg/L with LOD of 0.1 mg/L. The fabrication of the LRGO grid electrode opens up possibilities for further inexpensive monitoring of carbaryl in other fruit juices and fruits

Highlights

IntroductionTheir widespread application has resulted in the undesirable contamination of the environment
Published: 20 August 2021Pesticides have greatly enhanced crop productivity
Reducedreduced graphene oxide oxide electrode prepared by laser treatment shown in displays the expected electrode prepared by laser treatment shown in Figure 2B displays the expected leafleaf-like surfaces with wrinkles and folded precincts suitable the adsorption of carlike surfaces with wrinkles and folded precincts suitable for thefor adsorption of carbaryl baryl molecules

Summary

Introduction

Their widespread application has resulted in the undesirable contamination of the environment. Pesticide contamination of water has become a serious environmental problem in the last few decades. Carbaryl (Figure 1) is a carbamate insecticide applied to crops which has been classified as a possible carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency [2]. According to the United States National Water-Quality Assessment Program, carbaryl is one of the most commonly identified insecticides in water [3] and it can negatively affect aquatic organisms as well as humans [2]. In Russia, the carbaryl levels are allowed in the range of 0.002−2.0 mg/kg in milk products, maize, and grains. According to European regulations, the maximum residue level (MRL) for carbaryl is 10 μg/kg for apples, potatoes, and tomatoes, and 50 μg/kg for strawberries [4]

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