Abstract
A total Lagrangian formulation for large deformation analysis of shells by the finite element method is presented. The development of the model is based upon the three dimensional field equations. To permit solution of shell problems without numerical difficulties, a special discretization in the thickness direction is employed. The displacement field of the shell element is represented by the displacement on the shell midsurface together with the relative displacement on the shell top surface, without resorting to the more complicating finite rotation parameters. Consistent linearization of the discretized balance equations is used to establish a Newton-Raphson solution scheme. The versatility and accuracy of the present shell element are demonstrated by solving several numerical examples.
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