Abstract
In this study, a label-free fluorescent, enzyme-free, simple, highly sensitive AND logic gate aptasensor was developed for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with cohesive ends was attached to graphene oxide (GO) to form an aptasensor probe. ATP and single-stranded DNA were used as input signals. Fluorescence intensity of PicoGreen dye was used as an output signal. The biosensor-related performances, including the logic gate construction, reaction time, linearity, sensitivity, and specificity, were investigated and the results showed that an AND logic gate was successfully constructed. The ATP detection range was found to be 20 to 400 nM (R2 = 0.9943) with limit of detection (LOD) of 142.6 pM, and the sensitivity range was 1.846 × 106 to 2.988 × 106 M−1. This method for the detection of ATP has the characteristics of being simple, low cost, and highly sensitive.
Highlights
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a direct source of energy in the body and has a great influence on biological processes [1,2]
Many scholars have shown that the concentration of ATP is closely related to the health of the human body
ATP, cytidine triphosphate (CTP), uridine triphosphate (UTP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and PicoGreen dye were purchased from Shanghai Yi Sheng Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China)
Summary
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a direct source of energy in the body and has a great influence on biological processes [1,2]. Common methods for signal amplification include strand displacement amplification [9,10,11,12], rolling circle replication [13], and the use of DNA enzymes [14,15,16,17], etc. These methods can effectively increase the sensitivity of a sensor, they usually suffer from large background signal and require the use of biological enzymes. Enzymes are affected by reaction temperature and pH and are relatively expensive to use
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