Abstract
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC)-based non-invasive optical sensor for measuring glucose in saliva was fabricated. Existing glucose sensors utilizing blood require acquisition of a blood sample by pricking the finger, which is painful and inconvenient. To overcome these limitations, we propose a non-invasive glucose sensor with LOC, micro-electro-mechanical system and optical measurement technology. The proposed sensor for measuring glucose in saliva involves pretreatment, mixing, and measurement on a single tiny chip. Saliva containing glucose and glucose oxidase for glucose oxidation are injected through Inlets 1 and 2, respectively. Next, H2O2 is produced by the reaction between glucose and glucose oxidase in the pretreatment part. The saliva and generated H2O2 are mixed with a colorizing agent injected through Inlet 3 during the mixing part and the absorbance of the colorized mixture is measured in the measurement part. The absorbance of light increases as a function of glucose concentration at a wavelength of 630 nm. To measure the absorbance of the colorized saliva, a light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 630 nm and a photodiode were used during the measurement part. As a result, the measured output current of the photodiode decreased as glucose concentration in the saliva increased.
Highlights
The incidence of diabetes is increasing, and over 400 million people are currently affected worldwide
It is tested by individuals without special training; second, the risk of infection or cross-contamination is low because frequent finger pricking is not required; third, it is convenient for patients with diabetes who face difficulty extracting blood samples such as infants, the elderly, and hemophiliacs; previous studies have demonstrated a good correlation between blood glucose concentration and saliva glucose concentration
We confirmed that the proposed LOC-based non-invasive optical sensor for measuring glucose in saliva is suitable as a portable device for continuous glucose monitoring
Summary
The incidence of diabetes is increasing, and over 400 million people are currently affected worldwide. Saliva has various advantages compared with other body fluids It is tested by individuals without special training; second, the risk of infection or cross-contamination is low because frequent finger pricking is not required; third, it is convenient for patients with diabetes who face difficulty extracting blood samples such as infants, the elderly, and hemophiliacs; previous studies have demonstrated a good correlation between blood glucose concentration and saliva glucose concentration. The proposed LOC-based non-invasive optical sensor for measuring glucose in saliva consists of a mixing part to mix saliva with reagents, a pretreatment part to separate glucose from saliva, and a measurement part to analyze glucose concentration in the saliva utilizing an optical measurement method. We confirmed that the proposed LOC-based non-invasive optical sensor for measuring glucose in saliva is suitable as a portable device for continuous glucose monitoring
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