Abstract
RNA played a central role in the emergence of the first life-like system on primitive Earth since RNA molecules contain both genetic information and catalytic activity. However, there are several drawbacks regarding the RNA world hypothesis. Here, I briefly discuss the feasibility of the RNA world hypothesis to deduce the RNA functions that are essential for forming a life-like system. At the same time, I have conducted a conceptual analysis of the characteristics of biosystems as a useful approach to deduce a realistic life-like system in relation to the definition of life. For instance, an RNA-based life-like system should possess enough stability to resist environmental perturbations, by developing a cell-like compartment, for instance. Here, a conceptual viewpoint is summarized to provide a realistic life-like system that is compatible with the primitive Earth environment and the capabilities of RNA molecules. According to the empirical and conceptual analysis, I propose the hypothesis that the first life-like system could have initiated from only two genes.
Highlights
Chemical EvolutionIdentifying the molecular structures and functions in organisms, especially in relation to biological information, is a major goal of molecular biology
How many genes or functions were necessary and how were CCSI and CMIO systems constructed for the emergence of life? If we propose a number of the first essential genes and their functions, this hypothesis can be evaluated empirically
Repetitive step-by-step accelerations of from this circular a second new gene emerged by a random mutation in Repetitive step-by-step accelerations of pathway by gene mutations in CCSI could have improved the whole metabolic circular network; this is circular pathway gene mutations in CCSI that could have improved the whole metabolic circular this illustrated as theby narrow arrows, indicating slow rates are gradually replaced with the bold network; this is illustrated as the narrow arrows, indicating that slow rates are gradually replaced with arrows indicating fast rates
Summary
Identifying the molecular structures and functions in organisms, especially in relation to biological information, is a major goal of molecular biology. The cross-links between the information stored in the DNA sequence and the biological functions performed by other biomolecules is a significant characteristic of life-like systems on Earth. Earth;flow here,lies theinassignment between genotypebetween and phenotype is extended to that information important characteristics of life-like systems on Earth; here, the assignment between genotype and and function [4,5]. DNA molecules are regarded as phenotypes, which would possess only a function for replication This information flow likely formed slowly, step-by-step, with a number of important chemical evolutionary events, rather thanformed the necessary happening all at once. An insufficient number of simulation experiments have been conducted to render the RNA world hydrothermal origin of life This was extensively investigated to verify conditions likely for hypothesis compatible extreme primitive (Figure 2).flow.
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