A hyperaccumulator plant Sedum alfredii recruits Cd/Zn-tolerant but not Pb-tolerant endospheric bacterial communities from its rhizospheric soil

Abstract

For a metal hyperaccumulator plant Sedum alfredii, the recruitment of unique rhizospheric bacterial communities from bulk soils has been well studied. However, in the root-soil interface, the knowledge on the establishment of endospheric microbiomes from rhizospheric soil is still scarce. In this study, we combined culture-independent that was 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and culture-dependent methods that included bacterial isolation, heavy metal tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits. The Cd/Zn concentrations in endosphere were significantly higher than in soil, while Pb concentration in endosphere was significantly lower than in soil. The α-diversity in rhizosphere soils was higher than in root endosphere, and the compartments as a major determinant revealed 85.9% of the taxa variations. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased in endosphere compared to rhizosphere. The difference of Cd/Zn tolerance between endospheric and rhizospheric isolates was not obvious, while the Pb tolerance of endospheric isolates significantly decreased compared to rhizosphere. The results suggest that S. alfredii recruits Cd/Zn-tolerant but not Pb-tolerant endospheric bacterial communities from its rhizospheric soil. The difference in the microbial structure and function in the root-soil interface might be related to the selective absorption of metals in S. alfredii.