A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin formulation for the Euler–Maxwell plasma model

Abstract

This work introduces a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin formulation for the simulation of ideal plasmas governed by the Euler–Maxwell equations. The approach is based on a monolithic source-based coupling of the fluid and electromagnetic subproblems, along with a fully implicit time integration scheme, and a projection-based divergence correction method to enforce the Gauss laws in challenging scenarios. The numerical examples demonstrate the high-order accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the proposed formulation and validate it against problems of increasing complexity, ranging from single-physics cases to weakly and fully coupled electromagnetic plasma simulations.