Abstract
With the rampancy of pirated videos, video watermarking for copyright protection has become a widely researched topic. In this paper, zero-watermarking is applied to videos for the first time to resist high efficiency video coding compression, which can improve the robustness of the watermarking algorithm and ensure the videos' quality. A robust video zero-watermarking algorithm based on the discrete wavelet transform, the all phase biorthogonal transform, and singular value decomposition is proposed. Utilizing the properties of hybrid transforms, robust features can be extracted from videos, and robust zero-watermarks can be constructed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness to high efficiency video coding compression attacks with different quantization parameters. In addition, the algorithm can also resist common image processing attacks, geometric attacks, frame-based attacks, and hybrid attacks. Compared with existing video watermarking algorithms, the proposed algorithm can more accurately and completely reconstruct watermark images.
Highlights
With the rapid popularization of Internet technology and the rise of various short video applications, live broadcast, and video-on-demand (VOD) platforms, the number of online videos has increased dramatically
The first 100 frames of each video are selected for the experiments
It is the first time that the zero-watermarking has been introduced into videos to resist high efficiency video coding (HEVC) compression
Summary
With the rapid popularization of Internet technology and the rise of various short video applications, live broadcast, and video-on-demand (VOD) platforms, the number of online videos has increased dramatically. Videos have penetrated all aspects of people’s lives. They enrich people’s lives and improve their living standards, but they pose serious threats to information security, especially the security of video data. Various pirated videos that seriously infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the video owners have flooded the Internet. Copyright protection for digital videos is an issue that must be resolved urgently. Techniques for copyright protection include cryptography [1], steganography [2], digital fingerprinting [3], and
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