Abstract
Outsourcing logistics operation to third-party logistics has attracted more attention in the past several years. However, very few papers analyzed fuel consumption model in the context of outsourcing logistics. This problem involves more complexity than traditional open vehicle routing problem (OVRP), because the calculation of fuel emissions depends on many factors, such as the speed of vehicles, the road angle, the total load, the engine friction, and the engine displacement. Our paper proposed a green open vehicle routing problem (GOVRP) model with fuel consumption constraints for outsourcing logistics operations. Moreover, a hybrid tabu search algorithm was presented to deal with this problem. Experiments were conducted on instances based on realistic road data of Beijing, China, considering that outsourcing logistics plays an increasingly important role in China’s freight transportation. Open routes were compared with closed routes through statistical analysis of the cost components. Compared with closed routes, open routes reduce the total cost by 18.5% with the fuel emissions cost down by nearly 29.1% and the diver cost down by 13.8%. The effect of different vehicle types was also studied. Over all the 60- and 120-node instances, the mean total cost by using the light-duty vehicles is the lowest.
Highlights
Many developing countries are confronted with two problems: how to reduce economic costs and how to develop an environment-friendly society
(1) Fuel consumption was analyzed in the context of the OVRP; and the green open vehicle routing problem (GOVRP) model was constructed
With the purpose of optimizing the fuel emissions cost in the model, we introduced the comprehensive modal emission model (CMEM) into the OVRP model and extend the OVRP with an objective that accounts for the amount of greenhouse emissions
Summary
Many developing countries are confronted with two problems: how to reduce economic costs and how to develop an environment-friendly society. Compared with the vehicle routing problem (VRP), routes in the OVRP model are open; see Figure 1. In [15], six fuel consumption models were compared with each other and several factors affecting carbon emissions in road transportation were analyzed. Each route departs from the depot and ends up with one of the customers These companies are facing the problem of minimizing the total cost, including both fuel consumption cost and driver salaries. (1) Fuel consumption was analyzed in the context of the OVRP; and the green open vehicle routing problem (GOVRP) model was constructed. (3) Computational experiments were conducted on instances derived from real geographical data of customers in Beijing, China Both the effect of open routes and the effect of vehicle types were analyzed in respects of reducing total cost
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