Abstract
Biobased 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan is a versatile building block for the production of drugs, polymers, crown ethers, bioactive compounds, and value-added intermediates. To explore a more efficient route to synthesize 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, a tandem transformation by quick dehydration with a deep eutectic solvent betaine:benzenesulfonic acid (Bet:BSA) and mild bioreduction with recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) DCF was developed for converting d-fructose into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan. The 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yield reached 62.3 ± 1.6% (based on d-fructose) in Bet:BSA at 120 °C after a short time (2 min). d-Fructose-valorized 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was biologically transformed to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan by newly constructed recombinant E. coli DCF containing reductase and formate dehydrogenase at 40 °C and pH 7.5 after 48 h, with a yield of 99.6 ± 0.1% (based on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) in Bet:BSA-water containing the cosubstrate HCOONa (5-HMF-to-HCOONa molar ratio, 1:2.5). Meanwhile, 150 mM commercial 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was transformed into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan in a yield of 94.4 ± 0.9%. An efficient hybrid process was constructed to valorize d-fructose to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan in Bet:BSA-water, which has good industrial application potential.
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