Abstract
Wind energy is becoming an increasingly substantial component of many nations’ energy portfolios. The intermittent nature of wind energy is traded off in a multi-objective sense against its environmental benefits when compared to conventional thermal energy sources. This gives rise to the multi-criteria sustainable dispatch problem considered in this paper. A relevant multi-objective model is formulated considering both environmental and economic criteria as well as ensuring adequate production levels. The techniques of weighted goal programming (WGP) and the progressive bounded constraint method (PBC) are combined in a novel manner in order to overcome computational challenges associated with the sinusoidal nature of the model. This allows the generation of a representative set of Pareto efficient solutions. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a test set of relevant examples, and conclusions are drawn from both methodological and application perspectives. The results provide a quantification of the economic and environmental benefits of added wind power to a solely thermal system. However, a trade-off between the levels of economic versus environmental benefits gained is also demonstrated.
Highlights
The wind power industry has undergone a period of substantial growth in recent decades
In order to analyze the importance of wind power production in achieving sustainability of power systems, it is necessary to compare the quantity of emissions that the energy system would produce without the insertion of a wind farm and, later, to verify how the insertion of these plants would help in reducing these emissions
Three possible variants of the wind unit were investigated, which present the same average wind speed, but with different parameters of the Weibull probability density function given by c and k. It is determined which wind farm unit will be chosen to be installed according to the objectives of the sustainable dispatch problem
Summary
The wind power industry has undergone a period of substantial growth in recent decades. In terms of geographic zones, wind energy can be seen as an increasingly global phenomenon, with Asian, North American, European, and South American countries represented in the top ten producers by installed capacity, and a global installed capacity of 651 GW by the end of 2019. With respect to this global growth, wind power can be seen as following a similar trend to that of other renewable energy sources, with particular growth seen in the solar [1] and biofuel [2] sectors. Comparative analyses of renewable energy sources can be found in Lee and Chang [4] and Salim and Alsyouf [5]
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