Abstract
The use of smartphones for accurate navigation in underground spaces, such as subway stations, poses several challenges. This is because it is difficult to obtain a sure estimate of user location due to the radio signal interference caused by the entry and exit of trains, the infrastructure of the subway station installation, and changes in the internal facility environment. This study uses quick response markers and augmented reality to solve these difficulties using an error correction method. Specifically, a hybrid marker-based indoor positioning system (HMIPS) which provides accurate and efficient user-tracking results is proposed. The HMIPS performs hybrid localization by using marker images as well as inertial measurement unit data from smartphones. It utilizes the Viterbi tracking algorithm to solve the problem of tracking accuracy degradation that may occur when inertial sensors are used by adopting a sensor error correction technique. In addition, as an integrated system, the HMIPS provides a tool to easily carry out all the steps necessary for positioning. The results of experiments conducted in a subway station environment confirm that the HMIPS provides accurate and practical navigation services. The proposed system is expected to be useful for indoor navigation, even in poor indoor positioning environments.
Highlights
In recent times, subway stations have evolved into increasingly complex spatial structures.This has been caused by the connection of adjacent buildings, special expansion for various activities such as shopping, tourism, meetings, and meals as well as an increase in the number of platforms for train use
We propose a hybrid-marker–based indoor positioning system (HMIPS) that uses quick response (QR) and augmented reality (AR) techniques that provide AR-based indoor navigation services for pedestrians through viewing on smartphone camera screens
This is a characteristic of the hybrid marker-based indoor positioning system (HMIPS) that can provide potential users with a distinct path from ordinary pedestrians by utilizing information stored in markers and expressing different results according to the recognition conditions
Summary
Subway stations have evolved into increasingly complex spatial structures. It is difficult to apply these technologies to special environments such as subway stations due to the uncertainty of environmental factors, which may negatively affect sensor readings To address these difficulties, we propose a hybrid-marker–based indoor positioning system (HMIPS) that uses quick response (QR) and augmented reality (AR) techniques that provide AR-based indoor navigation services for pedestrians through viewing on smartphone camera screens. By using a marker such as a QR code, the positioning can be free from environmental factors caused by the specificity of subway stations, and various application services can be provided In this regard, we will take a closer look at vision- and QR-based indoor positioning .
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