Abstract
In this paper, we propose a hybrid interweave–underlay spectrum access and reuse technique for the dynamic spectrum access and reuse of the countrywide 28 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum to in-building small cells of each mobile network operator (MNO) in a country. For the spectrum access, the proposed technique explores both interweave and underlay spectrum access techniques, whereas, for the spectrum reuse, it considers reusing the countrywide spectrum to each three-dimensional (3D) cluster of small cells in a building. To access the countrywide spectrum, each MNO is considered by paying a licensing fee following its number of subscribers. We present the 3D clustering of in-building of small cells and derive average capacity, spectral efficiency (SE), and energy efficiency (EE). We then perform extensive numerical and simulation results and analyses for an MNO of a country consisting of four MNOs. It is shown that, for no spectrum reuse to in-building small cells, the proposed technique improves average capacity and SE by 3.63 and 2.42 times, respectively, whereas EE improves by 72.79%. However, for vertical spatial reuse of six times (as an example) to small cells in a building, average capacity, SE, and EE improve further by 21.77 times, 14.51 times, and 95.66%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed technique can satisfy SE and EE requirements for sixth-generation (6G) mobile systems by horizontal spatial reuse of the countrywide spectrum to small cells of about 40.62%, 9.37%, and 6.25% less buildings than that required by the traditional static licensed spectrum access (SLSA) technique.
Highlights
Clustering of small cells for reusing the countrywide mmWave spectrum are varied in accordance with the predefined interference thresholds set by the i-mobile network operator (MNO) and the s-MNO, respectively
We have proposed a hybrid interweave–underlay spectrum access and reuse technique for the dynamic spectrum access and reuse of the countrywide 28 GHz millimeter-wave spectrum to in-building small cells of each MNO in a country
The proposed technique considers sharing the 28 GHz mmWave spectrum specified for a country with small cells, one per apartment, in a building of any MNO subject to operating each of its small cells at the maximum transmission power, using interweave access if no useruser equipments (UEs) is present, whereas at a reduced transmission power, using underlay access, if a UE of any other MNOs is present within the apartment of the corresponding small cell
Summary
The ever-increasing demands for network capacity and high data rates due to overwhelming rich multimedia services lead to the scarcity of radio frequency spectrum in mobile communications. Unlike allocating a portion of the countrywide spectrum by using the traditional static spectrum allocation, the spectrum of an MNO can be increased by allocating the whole countrywide spectrum In this regard, due to the availability of a large amount of spectrum bandwidth, the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum is considered as an effective candidate to address the scarcity of spectrum of existing MNOs. accessing the same countrywide spectrum by all MNOs in a country, at a time, can generate co-channel interference (CCI), which can be managed by accessing the countrywide spectrum dynamically by each MNO. In the underlay spectrum access, an SU can share the spectrum of PUs simultaneously subject to limiting its transmission power to an interference power constraint set by PUs. Limiting the transmission power of an SU leads to a reduction in the channel capacity and radio coverage of the secondary network. Hybrid cognitive radio networks (CRNs), hybrid interweave–underlay spectrum access, have been proposed as a means to improve the performance of SUs
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