Abstract
Structural designers that design buildings use different criteria to select the frames’ materiality and structural solutions. Very often, the primary test is the cost of construction. Sometimes, solutions are determined by the terms of structure, architectural preferences, technological needs, fire safety requirements, environmental conditions, exploitation costs over the life of the building, ecological aspects, and experience, etc. This paper proposes an approach for analyzing the structural elements of buildings taking into account the impact on the environment using jointly incorporating subjective and objective aspects. The objective to combine the most important criteria into a single unit and carry out the overall assessment could be done by giving each variable a weighted value and perform a so-called multi-criteria analysis. This article shows the efficiency of the structural solution of the one-story building. The case study presents an investigation and comparison of five possible symmetrical structural solutions by multi-criteria assessment methods: The analysis of three steel frameworks differs majorly due to the beam-column characteristics, as well as precast RC frame structures case and combined steel beams and RC columns frame option. Possible solutions must meet all the essential requirements of the building, including mechanical resistance and stability. The obtained results show a broad assessment of the structural solutions of the building.
Highlights
Environmental restoration, revival and recovery are vital principles for sustainable development.There is a symmetrical balance when all the parts of the objects are well balanced [1]
The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) involves severe collateral environmental impacts, such as environmental pollution caused by dust and the enormous energy consumption required from having a plasticity temperature over 1300 ◦ C
multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are broadly classified into two classes: and continuous MODM (Multi-Objective Decision Making) optimization methods [50]. They all discrete MCDM or MADM and continuous MODM (Multi-Objective Decision Making) optimization require the definition of options and criteria, and most of them demand a measure for methods [50]. They all require the definition of options and criteria, and most of them demand a assessing the relative significance of the criteria
Summary
Environmental restoration, revival and recovery are vital principles for sustainable development. Cold-formed structures have one of the top load capacity-to-weight ratios among the common structural components and bring economic, social and environmental benefits by decreasing raw materials consumption, with lighter foundations preserving the soil and its movements, the economy in handling and transportations and reduces labor fatigue. Evaluating the environmental stress produced by concrete structures during the different phases of life is a fundamental design requirement [27] Stakeholders estimate it either by the global energy consumed or, equivalently, by the CO2 released during the entire cycle of life. The production of OPC involves severe collateral environmental impacts, such as environmental pollution caused by dust and the enormous energy consumption required from having a plasticity temperature over 1300 ◦ C For these reasons, the cement industry has been challenged in the past 10 years to effectively reduce and control CO2 emissions effectively. Unresolved issues regarding the subjective qualitative measurements and criteria weights are present in problem solution models [41]
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