Abstract
The concentrations of trace elements in wines and health risk assessment via wine consumption were investigated in 315 wines. Samples were collected from eight major wine-producing regions in China. The concentrations of twelve trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Duncan’s multiple range test was applied to analyze significant variations (p < 0.05) of trace elements in different regions. Based on a 60 kg adult drinker consuming 200 mL of wine per day, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of each element from wines was far below the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). Health risk assessment indicated the ingestion influence of individual elements and combined elements through this Chinese wine daily intake did not constitute a health hazard to people. However, Cr and Mn were the potential contaminants of higher health risk in Chinese wines. The cumulative impact of wine consumption on trace elements intake in the daily diet of drinkers should not be ignored due to the presence of other intake pathways.
Highlights
In recent years, wine has become increasingly popular in China, and the production of Chinese wine gradually cannot be underestimated worldwide
The main objectives of the present study were: (1) to establish and validate an analytical method for the determination of trace elements in wines by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted digestion; (2) to determine the concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium and zinc in wines produced from eight different regions of China; (3) to compare the determination levels of different regions with the results reported in previous literature and to analyze the distribution characteristics of trace elements in Chinese wines; and (4) to estimate the dietary intake rates of some elements in Chinese wines through the daily consumption of wine and the health risk of trace elements intake at these rates for Chinese wine
The validation results of the ICP-MS method established in this study for trace elements in wine were shown in the Table 1
Summary
Wine has become increasingly popular in China, and the production of Chinese wine gradually cannot be underestimated worldwide. Compared with the world wine industry, the Chinese wine industry started late but developed rapidly. In 2016, the production of Chinese wine was 1.14 million liters, ranking sixth in the world [1]. The area of Chinese vineyards is extremely large, totaling 864 thousand hectares in 2016 to rank second in the world [2], so Chinese wines are widely distributed in China. The main areas producing Chinese wine are the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain (HM), the Hexi Corridor (HC), Xinjiang (XJ), the ring around the Bohai Gulf (BG), the Loess Plateau (LP), Southwest Highland (SWH), the Northeast (NE) and Yanhuai Valley (YV). The Helan Mountain region is the most important for the Chinese wine industry and is the major source of high-quality wine in China. The Hexi Corridor region is located in Gansu Province included in the Silk
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