Abstract
A homeomorphic model of the human eye has been developed to simulate the effect of impact forces on the internal components of the eye. This is the first time a Mass-Spring-Damper (MSD) model has been used to investigate forces and displacements throughout the outer tunic, the vitreous body, and the retina. Whereas most of the existing Finite Element Models (FEM) are extremely complicated in their structure and composition, and takes up to 6-10 hours for a single simulation run, our MSD model, with its inherent computational advantages, completes a single round of simulation within tens of seconds. The model also provides detailed information about the node positions, velocities and force profiles, with a special emphasis on the retina. Moreover, a prediction paradigm was developed to indicate the estimated extent of retinal damage based on the angle and magnitude of the applied forces. Further, a user-friendly GUI was developed to allow additional new investigations into ocular trauma. The results of the model simulations under various force impact conditions were shown to be accurate and consistent with known experimental findings. Thus, our homeomorphic MSD model can be a useful tool for the physician to assess retinal damage non-invasively prior to clinical intervention.
Highlights
Based on a studies conducted by the American Society of Ocular Trauma, the United States Eye Injury Registry [1,2] has provided the following staggering statistics: 1. 2.5 million eye injuries occur annualy2. 40,000 individuals end up with some form of permanent eye defect3
The graphical user interface (GUI) built for the model has the capability to replay the impact scenario by showing how the eye compresses through various changes in the positions of the point masses and simultaneously showing the force profiles impinging on the point masses
Since the time taken for a particular simulation is in the range of tens of seconds, unlike the Finite Element models which may take hours, the user can more study the model for various types of impact scenarios by the changing the impact force, duration of the impact, etc
Summary
Based on a studies conducted by the American Society of Ocular Trauma, the United States Eye Injury Registry [1,2] has provided the following staggering statistics: 1. 2.5 million eye injuries occur annualy2. 40,000 individuals end up with some form of permanent eye defect3. A homeomorphic computer model of the human eye was developed by the Vision Research Laboratory Group at Rutgers University based on a network of two-dimensional, interconnected Mass-Spring-Damper (MSD) system. This is the first model of the human eye using MSD systems to study the effect of impact forces. The primary goal was to build a model with a custom graphical user interface (GUI) which can run simulations for an impact trauma scenario requiring only a few minutes of computation time This requirement precluded the use of the more popular Finite Element Models, which are cumbersome and computationally intensive. The GUI built for the model has the capability to replay the impact scenario by showing how the eye compresses through various changes in the positions of the point masses and simultaneously showing the force profiles impinging on the point masses
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