A History of Finnish Higher Education from the Middle Ages to the 21st Century

Abstract

1. Introduction -- 2. The Emergence of Universities in the Middle Ages -- 3. Finnish Students at Medieval Universities -- 4. From the Reformation to the End of Swedish Rule – Laying the Foundations of a National University -- 5. The Founding of the Royal Academy of Turku -- 6. The Academy of Turku During the Last Century of Swedish Rule (1720–1809) -- 7. The Age of Autonomy – the Role of Higher Education in the Building of the Nation -- 8. The Expansion of Higher Education into Practical-Utilitarian Disciplines -- 9. The First Decades of Independence – White Finland -- 10. The Development of Finland’s Higher Education System After the Second World War – Towards a Welfare State -- 11. The Growth of Student Numbers and the Establishment of Polytechnics -- 12. Conclusions – The Institutional and Organisational Layers of Finnish Higher Education.