Abstract
A brief historical narrative of the study of grating solitons in fiber Bragg grating is presented from the late 1970’s up to now. The formation of photogeneration gratings in optical fiber by sustained exposure of the core to the interference pattern produced by oppositely propagating modes of argon-ion laser radiation was first reported in 1978. One important nonlinear application of fiber Bragg grating is grating solitons, including gap soliton and Bragg soliton. This paper summarily introduces the numerous theoretical and experimental results on this field, each indicating the potential these solitons have in all-optical switching, pulse compression, limiting, and logic operations, and especially important for the optical communication systems.
Highlights
After the invention of the laser, there has been much interest in propagating nonlinear pulses through the periodic medium such as a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is a periodic variation of the refractive index of the fiber core along the length of the fiber
A notable feature of this linear periodic structure is the presence of stop gap in the dispersion curve popularly known as photonic band gap (PBG) [7,8]
This PBG exists at frequencies for which the medium turns highly reflective and the light pulse will not be able to propagate through the periodic structure
Summary
After the invention of the laser, there has been much interest in propagating nonlinear pulses through the periodic medium such as a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is a periodic variation of the refractive index of the fiber core along the length of the fiber. A notable feature of this linear periodic structure is the presence of stop gap in the dispersion curve popularly known as photonic band gap (PBG) [7,8] This PBG exists at frequencies for which the medium turns highly reflective and the light pulse will not be able to propagate through the periodic structure. When the entire spectral components of the input pulse lie within the PBG structure, the grating induced dispersion counterbalanced by the Kerr nonlinearity through the self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) effects, forming solitons are referred to as gap solitons since their spectral components are within the PBG structure. It can be noticed that, in literatures, nowadays the distinction between gap solitons and Bragg solitons is hardly maintained and, in general, they are called grating solitons [26]
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