A high-precision variational approach to three- and four-nucleon bound and zero-energy scattering states

Abstract

The hyperspherical harmonic (HH) method has been widely applied in recent times to the study of the bound states, using the Rayleigh–Ritz variational principle, and of low-energy scattering processes, using the Kohn variational principle, of A = 3 and 4 nuclear systems. When the wavefunction of the system is expanded over a sufficiently large set of HH basis functions, containing or not correlation factors, quite accurate results can be obtained for the observables of interest. In this review, the main aspects of the method are discussed together with its application to the A = 3 and 4 nuclear bound and zero-energy scattering states. Results for a variety of nucleon–nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon (3N) local or non-local interactions are reported. In particular, NN and 3N interactions derived in the framework of the chiral effective field theory and NN potentials from which the high-momentum components have been removed, as recently presented in the literature, are considered for the first time within the context of the HH method. The purpose of this review is twofold. The first is to present a complete description of the HH method for bound and scattering states, also including detailed formulae for the computation of the matrix elements of the NN and 3N interactions. The second is to report accurate results for bound and zero-energy scattering states obtained with the most commonly used interaction models. These results can be useful for comparison with those obtained by other techniques and are a significant test for different future approaches to such problems.