Abstract
This work describes the development of a pressure-sensing array for noninvasive continuous blood pulse-wave monitoring. The sensing elements comprise a conductive polymer film and interdigital electrodes patterned on a flexible Parylene C substrate. The polymer film was patterned with microdome structures to enhance the acuteness of pressure sensing. The proposed device uses three pressure-sensing elements in a linear array, which greatly facilitates the blood pulse-wave measurement. The device exhibits high sensitivity (−0.533 kPa−1) and a fast dynamic response. Furthermore, various machine-learning algorithms, including random forest regression (RFR), gradient-boosting regression (GBR), and adaptive boosting regression (ABR), were employed for estimating systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from the measured pulse-wave signals. Among these algorithms, the RFR-based method gave the best performance, with the coefficients of determination for the reference and estimated blood pressures being R2 = 0.871 for SBP and R2 = 0.794 for DBP, respectively.
Highlights
Various recent studies in epidemiology have reported that hypertension is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease [1,2], and that blood pressure is a critical physiological parameter in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of hypertension [3]
As shown in the picture, numerous tiny pores are distributed randomly on the surface of the membrane, which serves as the mold for transferring the microdome structures onto the (f) Removing AZ-P4620 (e) Depositing Au layer conductive polymer film
The assembled device used for blood pulse substrate. (c) Fabricated conductive polymer thin film. (d) The assembled device used for blood pulse
Summary
Various recent studies in epidemiology have reported that hypertension is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease [1,2], and that blood pressure is a critical physiological parameter in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of hypertension [3]. Sensors 2019, 19, 848 an implantable continuous blood-pressure monitoring device fabricated on a flexible substrate with accelerometers and a wireless transmission unit [10]. Various highly sensitive pressure sensors have been reported for continuously measuring blood pulse waves [12,13,14,15]. In [17], a pressure sensor fabricated with an ultrathin inorganic piezoelectric material on elastomer substrates is proposed This device is capable of low hysteresis measurements of pressure on the skin. The present work proposes a pressure-sensing array for noninvasive continuous blood pulse-wave monitoring. The proposed device was designed as a linear-array configuration, in which three pressure-sensing elements are employed This array design may greatly facilitate the measurement of blood pulse waves.
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