Abstract
A novel “turn-on” fluorescent probe (PCN) was designed, synthesized, and characterized with perylene tetracarboxylic disimide as the fluorophore and Schiff base subunit as the metal ion receptor. The probe demonstrated a considerable fluorescence enhancement in the presence of Al3+ in DMF with high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the considerably “off–on” fluorescence response simultaneously led to the apparent color change from colorless to brilliant yellow, which could also be identified by naked eye easily. The sensing capability of PCN to Al3+ was evaluated by the changes in ultraviolet–visible, fluorescence, Fourier transform–infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectroscopies. The linear concentration range for Al3+ was 0–63 μM with a detection limit of 0.16 μM, which allowed for the quantitative determination of Al3+.
Highlights
Aluminum is the third most prevalent metal in the lithosphere, and it is toxic to living organisms due to its potential neurotoxicity in excessive amounts (Frantzios et al, 2000; Abeywickrama et al, 2019)
In the past few years, various fluorescent chemosensors including coumarin, naphthalimide, pyrene, BODIPY, anthracene, and rhodamine were exploited for detection of Al3+ (Samanta et al, 2014; Hossain et al, 2017; Kozlov et al, 2019; Prabhu et al, 2019; Roy et al, 2019; Li et al, 2020)
It resulted to a prominent “light-on” yellow solution and fluorescence emission of PCN, which allowed for naked-eye detection of Al3+ under natural light and UV light of 365 nm
Summary
Aluminum is the third most prevalent metal in the lithosphere, and it is toxic to living organisms due to its potential neurotoxicity in excessive amounts (Frantzios et al, 2000; Abeywickrama et al, 2019). According to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, the tolerable value of average human intake of Al3+ ions is around 3.0–10.0 mg/day (Valeur and Leray, 2000; Qin et al, 2014). Fluorescence techniques for detecting various ions have become an optimal choice due to their high sensitivity and selectivity (Suresh et al, 2018; Ye et al, 2019b; Bai et al, 2020; Wu et al, 2020; Zhao et al, 2020). In the past few years, various fluorescent chemosensors including coumarin, naphthalimide, pyrene, BODIPY, anthracene, and rhodamine were exploited for detection of Al3+ (Samanta et al, 2014; Hossain et al, 2017; Kozlov et al, 2019; Prabhu et al, 2019; Roy et al, 2019; Li et al, 2020)
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