A highly birefringent bend-insensitive porous core PCF for endlessly single-mode operation in THz regime: an analysis with core porosity

Abstract

We present an endlessly single-mode, bend-insensitive and highly birefringent photonic crystal fibre (PCF) for efficient wave transmission in the terahertz (THz) spectrum. To facilitate flat dispersion and high birefringence, a diamond-shaped porous core is introduced inside the Zeonex (background material)-based hexagonal porous cladding. Moreover, the dense geometrical arrangement of the regular hexagonal lattice in the cladding region holds maximum usable optical power inside the porous core. The major geometrical parameter of the proposed PCF such as core porosity has been optimized to improve the optical guiding parameters. The numerically investigated outcomes have shown an ultrahigh birefringence and numerical aperture of 0.0888 and 0.57, respectively. Apart from this, very low bending and material losses of $$3.01 \times 10^{ - 20}$$ cm−1 and 0.01451 cm−1 with flattened dispersion variation of ± 0.2463 ps/THz/cm have been achieved over the broad THz band (i.e. 0.8–1.3 THz). Additionally, our proposed PCF sustains endlessly single-mode operation with a very high core power fraction of 75.28%. With all these promising results, the proposed PCF would be a potential candidate for polarization preserving as well as for efficient broadband transmission applications in the THz regime.