A high throughput proliferation and cytotoxicity assay for co-cultured isogenic cell lines

Abstract

PTEN is a well-known tumor suppressor that is inactivated or suppressed at a high frequency in cancer. We sought an assay to screen compounds for ones that differentially inhibited proliferation or induced cytotoxicity in PTEN mutated cancer cells. We employed the isogenic pair of cell lines MCF10-A breast cell line (wild type, WT) and the same cell line with PTEN knocked out (KO) by CRISPR. We sought an assay where these PTEN WT and KO isogenic cell lines were co-cultured in the same well for compound testing. The KO cell line, but not the WT, was tagged with the red fluorescent protein mKate2. We employed a real time microscopic imaging instrument to identify cell populations in co-culture based on red fluorescence to obtain a cell count for each cell line. To acquire cytotoxicity data for each population, the dye CellTox Green was added to the media. To assess the assay, we determined the concentration response of paclitaxel. In order to assess the potential for screening, we performed mock screening in 384-well plate format. Thus, we developed a high throughput co-culture cell cytotoxicity and proliferation assay method that could be employed for any pair of cell lines to identify selective compounds.