Abstract
Exploring and understanding the ocean is an important field of scientific study. Acquiring accurate and high-resolution temperature and depth profiles of the oceans over relatively short periods of time is an important basis for understanding ocean currents and other associated physical parameters. Traditional measuring instruments based on piezoelectric ceramics have a low spatial resolution and are not inherently waterproof. Meanwhile, sensing systems based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) have the advantage of facilitating continuous measurements and allow multi-sensor distributed measurements. Therefore, in this paper, an all-fiber seawater temperature and depth-sensing array is used to obtain seawater temperature and depth profiles. In addition, by studying the encapsulation structure of the FBG sensors, this paper also solves the problem of the measurement error present in traditional FBG sensors when measuring seawater temperature. Through a theoretical analysis and seaborne test in the Yellow Sea of China, the sampling frequency of the all-fiber seawater temperature and depth profile measurement system is 1 Hz, the accuracy of the FBG sensors reaches 0.01 °C, and the accuracy of the FBG depth sensors reaches 0.1 % of the full scale. The resulting parameters for these sensors are therefore considered to be acceptable for most survey requirements in physical oceanography.
Highlights
Measuring and studying the temperature variations at different depths of the oceans is one of the most important components of oceanographic research [1]
XCTD profilers can be used while the ship is sailing, temperature and depth profiles can be obtained for one location with each deployment
The first operational use of the underway conductivity-temperature-depth (UCTD) profiler occurred during a cruise in 2004, the purpose of which was to examine the effect of internal waves and spice on long-range acoustic propagation northeast of Hawaii
Summary
Measuring and studying the temperature variations at different depths of the oceans is one of the most important components of oceanographic research [1]. The temperature and depth sensors made from thermistors and piezoelectric elements, respectively, have the disadvantages of low efficiency when applied to oceanographic measurements [19], and only marine dynamic environmental parameters of a low temporal and spatial resolution can be obtained. These parameters are far from enough for the study of mesoscale vortices, fronts, and internal waves in the ocean [20, 21]. The horizontal resolution is improved from 15 nautical miles for previous station observations and 2 km for MVP arrays to about 2 m, and the observation ability is improved substantially
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