Abstract
A novel method for the detection of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at low concentrations, using the ultrahigh-order guided mode acting as the probe excited by a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide, is proposed. The method using the fact of the minimum value of the absorption peaks is proportional to the concentration of the sample to be detected to realize the detection of the hepatitis B virus at extremely low concentrations. It is realized that the low concentration of the HBsAg measurement relied on the principle of the minimum value of the absorption peak and the concentration having a good linear relationship. The measurement results indicate that this new method can precisely detect HBsAg at the concentrations in the lower region of the clinical gray area (i.e., below 20 ng/mL), the lower region of the current clinical gray area of HBsAg (below 20 ng/ml) can be measured, and the resolution can be reached (2 ng/mL).
Highlights
It is well known that the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause acute and chronic hepatitis B and even can lead to death of the person who got infected [1]
There are about 650,000 people who lost their lives because of liver failure, cirrhosis, and liver cancer caused by HBV infection [5,6,7]. e rate of the cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by HBV infection is 30% and 45%, respectively [8], and it is very significant to develop methods that are able to precisely detect the concentrations of HBV in human blood, for both clinical medicine and our society
Qualitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the main basis for hepatitis B patients in clinics. e common detection methods of HBsAg include colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) [9], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence method (CLIA) [10], and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) [11]. ere are advantages and disadvantages for the four main detection methods
Summary
It is well known that the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause acute and chronic hepatitis B and even can lead to death of the person who got infected [1]. Due to the outstanding advantages of real-time detection and little sample amount requirement, the SPR technology has been widely used in the studies of interactions between biomolecules and the combination dynamics between antibodies and antigens [13]. Several new technologies, such as leaky optical waveguide (LW) [14], reverse symmetry waveguide (RSW) [15], and long-range surface plasma wave (LSPR) [16], have been developed, these newly developed technologies made no breakthroughs in the operation principle of the SPR technology, and like in the existing SPR technology, in these newly developed technologies, the sample is still placed in the evanescent field where the light field is weak. With the consideration of these issues in the operation principle of the existing SPR technology, this paper proposes a new high-sensitivity detection technology to detect HBsAg based on the symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide technology
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