A High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Study Reveals the Potential of Disulfide Formation in Human Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Selective Channel Isoforms (hVDACs).

Maria G G Pittalà,Vincenzo Cunsolo,Vito De Pinto,Salvatore Foti,Simona Reina,Rosaria Saletti

doi:10.3390/ijms21041468

Abstract

The voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDACs), which are also known as eukaryotic porins, are pore-forming proteins, which allow for the passage of ions and small molecules across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). They are involved in complex interactions that regulate organelle and cellular metabolism. We have recently reported the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the three VDAC isoforms purified from rat liver mitochondria (rVDACs), showing, for the first time, the over-oxidation of the cysteine residues as an exclusive feature of VDACs. Noteworthy, this peculiar PTM is not detectable in other integral membrane mitochondrial proteins, as defined by their elution at low salt concentration by a hydroxyapatite column. In this study, the association of tryptic and chymotryptic proteolysis with UHPLC/High Resolution nESI-MS/MS, allowed for us to extend the investigation to the human VDACs. The over-oxidation of the cysteine residues, essentially irreversible in cell conditions, was as also certained in VDAC isoforms from human cells. In human VDAC2 and 3 isoforms the permanently reduced state of a cluster of close cysteines indicates the possibility that disulfide bridges are formed in the proteins. Importantly, the detailed oxidative PTMs that are found in human VDACs confirm and sustain our previous findings in rat tissues, claiming for a predictable characterization that has to be conveyed in the functional role of VDAC proteins within the cell. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017482.

Highlights

The voltage-dependent anion selective channels (VDACs) are quantitatively relevant components of the mitochondrial proteome
The voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDACs), which are known as eukaryotic porins, are pore-forming proteins, which allow for the passage of ions and small molecules across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM)
We have recently reported the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the three VDAC isoforms purified from rat liver mitochondria, showing, for the first time, the over-oxidation of the cysteine residues as an exclusive feature of VDACs

Summary

Introduction

The voltage-dependent anion selective channels (VDACs) are quantitatively relevant components of the mitochondrial proteome. We were able to fully cover the rVDAC1 sequence, and extended the coverage of rVDAC2 and 3, by means of a newly established “in-solution” enzymatic proteolysis and UHPLC/High Resolution ESI MS/MS analysis in a previous work, which was performed on rat-derived mitochondria. This procedure enabled to avoid most of the possible technical biases in the protocol that could have modified the naturally occurring oxidation state of the oxidizable residues.

Methods

Results

Conclusion