Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a commonly used technique for metabolite analyses. Due to the observed macroscopic magnetic susceptibility in biological tissues, current NMR acquisitions in measurements of biological tissues are generally performed on tissue extracts using liquid NMR or on tissues using magic-angle spinning techniques. In this study, we propose an NMR method to achieve high-resolution J-resolved information for metabolite analyses directly from intact biological samples. A dramatic improvement in spectral resolution is evident in our contrastive demonstrations on a sample of pig brain tissue. Metabolite analyses for a postmortem fish from fresh to decayed statuses are presented to further reveal the capability of the proposed method. This method is a previously-unreported high-resolution 2D J-resolved spectroscopy for biological applications without specialised hardware requirements or complicated sample pretreatments. It provides a significant contribution to metabolite analyses of biological samples, and may be potentially applicable to in vivo samples. Furthermore, this method also can be applied to measurements of semisolid and viscous samples.
Highlights
IntroductionWe propose an NMR method to achieve high-resolution J-resolved information for metabolite analyses directly from intact biological samples
The processing of the 3D DDFJRES data is performed on F1 and F3 dimensions, and ni 2D spectra are obtained (Fig. 1c)
These results convincingly suggest the superiority of the DDFJRES method over standard 2D JRES methods for real biological samples
Summary
We propose an NMR method to achieve high-resolution J-resolved information for metabolite analyses directly from intact biological samples. Metabolite analyses for a postmortem fish from fresh to decayed statuses are presented to further reveal the capability of the proposed method This method is a previously-unreported high-resolution 2D J-resolved spectroscopy for biological applications without specialised hardware requirements or complicated sample pretreatments. The provision of J-coupling information along the J-coupling dimension aids metabolite identifications because J-couplings are insensitive to physiological factors (such as temperature or pH value) versus chemical shifts[16] Due to these advantages, 2D JRES spectroscopy has been broadly applied in metabolite analyses, such as studies examining urine[17], cerebral spinal fluid[18], and blood plasma[19].
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