Abstract
Abstract A hybrid battery–supercapacitor (LiMn 2 O 4 + AC)/Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 using a Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode and a LiMn 2 O 4 /activated carbon (AC) composite cathode was built. The electrochemical performances of the hybrid battery–supercapacitor (LiMn 2 O 4 + AC)/Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 were characterized by cyclic voltammograms, electrochemical impedance spectra, rate charge–discharge and cycle performance testing. It is demonstrated that the hybrid battery–supercapacitor has advantages of both the high rate capability from hybrid capacitor AC/Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and the high capacity from secondary battery LiMn 2 O 4 /Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . Moreover, the electrochemical measurements also show that the hybrid battery–supercapacitor has good cycle life performance. At 4C rate, the capacity loss in constant current mode is no more than 7.95% after 5000 cycles, and the capacity loss in constant current–constant voltage mode is no more than 4.75% after 2500 cycles.
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