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Abstract
This paper reports long-term performance of a two-stage AMX® system with a capacity of 70 m3/d treating actual reject water. An air-lift granulation reactor performed partial nitritation (PN-AGR) at an average nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 3.1 kgN/m3-d, producing an average effluent NO2--N/NH4+-N ratio of 1.04. The average nitrogen removal rate of the system was 3.91 kgN/m3-d following an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) stage moving bed biofilm reactor (A-MBBR). Although the total nitrogen concentrations in the reject water fluctuated seasonally, overall nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of the two-stage AMX® system was very stable at over 87%. The two-stage AMX® system, consisting of a PN-AGR followed by an A-MBBR, operated at a stable NLR of 1.86 kgN/m3-d (1.64 kgN/m3-d including the intermediate tank), which is 1.8 times higher (1.6 times including the intermediate tank) than other commercialized single-stage partial nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) processes (which operate at a NLR of about 1 kgN/m3-d). The PN-AGR was affected by high influent total suspended solids (TSS) loads, but was able to recover within a short period of 4 days, which confirmed that the two-stage PN/A process is resilient to TSS load fluctuations.
Highlights
This study found an Specific Anammox activity (SAA) of 0.29 kgN/ kgVSS-d, consistent with results obtained from other separate-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) bioreactors, and higher than those of single-stage partial nitritation (PN)/A studies
During Phase I, when three PN–air-lift granulation reactor (AGR) and two A–moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were operated, the total hydraulic retention time (HRT) excluding the HRT of the intermediate tank was reduced from 75 h to 21 h, and nitrogen loading rate (NLR) increased from 0.4 kgN/m3-d to 1.1 kgN/m3-d
The PN–AGR was effective in achieving a high NLR during the treatment of reject water because of the high concentration of granular sludge established and maintained at steady state
Summary
Biological systems incorporating autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification have become the primary technology for removing nitrogen from wastewater due. Recent discovery of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which use ammonia as an electron donor and nitrite as an electron acceptor to produce nitrogen gas and some nitrate, has created significant interest as an alternative approach to biological nitrogen removal. Water Science & Technology | 83.3 | 2021 oxidation (Anammox) reactions must be coupled with partial nitritation (PN), in which a portion of influent ammonia is converted to nitrite, to accomplish nitrogen removal ( Jetten et al ). The PN/A process has been developed and commercialized, and about 114 plants have been installed worldwide (Muhammad & Okabe )
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Schedule a callMore From: Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
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