Abstract
Distarch phosphate is a resistant starch type 4 (RS4) containing phosphodiester cross-links within and between starch molecules. This study examined the glycemic effects of VERSAFIBE 1490™ resistant starch, a distarch phosphate derived from potato, containing 90% total dietary fiber (TDF, AOAC 991.43 method). In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, 28 healthy adults consumed a cookie containing 24 g fiber from distarch phosphate (fiber cookie) or a control cookie containing 0.5 g fiber that was matched for fat, protein, and total carbohydrate content. Intravenous blood glucose, intravenous blood insulin, and capillary glucose were measured for two hours after cookie consumption. The fiber cookie reduced the post-prandial blood glucose incremental area under the curve from 0 to 120 minutes (iAUC0-120min) by 44% (p = 0.004) and reduced the maximum glucose concentration (Cmax0-120min) by 8% (p = 0.001) versus the control cookie. Consumption of the fiber cookie resulted in a significant 46% reduction of the post-prandial serum insulin iAUC0-120min (p < 0.001) and a 23% reduction in Cmax0-120min (p = 0.007) versus the control cookie. This study shows that distarch phosphate RS4 can be incorporated into a cookie and significantly reduce post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults.
Highlights
Resistant starch (RS) is a complex carbohydrate that resists digestion and absorption in the small intestine
Dietary fiber has been long acknowledged for reducing post-prandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations through mechanisms of delayed nutrient absorption or replacement of digestible carbohydrates [19]
The resistant starch type 4 (RS4) used in this trial, VERSAFIBE 1490 resistant starch, replaced digestible carbohydrates from refined flour when formulated into processed foods such as bakery items
Summary
Resistant starch (RS) is a complex carbohydrate (glucose polymer) that resists digestion and absorption in the small intestine. The composition of the human gut microbiota was affected in different manners, depending on the type of RS consumed (RS2 vs RS4) [6] Given these differences, clinical trials on specific resistant starch preparations are necessary to confirm the beneficial physiological effects. The present study assessed the acute, post-prandial glycemic and insulinemic response to a cookie containing RS4 in the form of distarch phosphate (VERSAFIBE 1490 resistant starch) in healthy adults. This is the first clinical study to examine these outcomes in a solid food containing distarch phosphate RS4
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