Abstract
The design of high-entropy single-atom catalysts (HESAC) with 5.2 times higher entropy compared to single-atom catalysts (SAC) is proposed, by using four different metals (FeCoNiRu-HESAC) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Fe active sites with intermetallic distances of 6.1Å exhibit a low ORR overpotential of 0.44V, which originates from weakening the adsorption of OH intermediates. Based on density functional theory (DFT) findings, the FeCoNiRu-HESAC witha nitrogen-doped sample were synthesized. The atomic structures are confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption (XAS), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The predicted high catalytic activity is experimentally verified, finding that FeCoNiRu-HESAC has overpotentials of 0.41and 0.37V with Tafel slopes of 101 and 210mVdec-1 at the current density of 1mAcm-2 and the kinetic current densities of 8.2 and 5.3mAcm-2, respectively, in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. These results are comparable with Pt/C. The FeCoNiRu-HESAC is used for Zinc-air battery applications with an open circuit potential of 1.39V and power density of 0.16Wcm-2. Therefore, a strategy guided by DFT is provided for the rational design of HESAC which can be replaced with high-cost Pt catalysts toward ORR and beyond.
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