A high carbohydrate, but not fat or protein meal attenuates postprandial ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1 responses in Chinese men.

François Blachier,Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi,Sonia Baig,Shiqi Huang,Vanna Chhay,Tze Ping Loh,Chin Meng Khoo,Sue-Anne Toh,Jonathan Caleb Quek,E Shyong Tai

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191609

Abstract

It is known that the macronutrient content of a meal has different impacts on the postprandial satiety and appetite hormonal responses. Whether obesity interacts with such nutrient-dependent responses is not well characterized. We examined the postprandial appetite and satiety hormonal responses after a high-protein (HP), high-carbohydrate (HC), or high-fat (HF) mixed meal. This was a randomized cross-over study of 9 lean insulin-sensitive (mean±SEM HOMA-IR 0.83±0.10) and 9 obese insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR 4.34±0.41) young (age 21–40 years), normoglycaemic Chinese men. We measured fasting and postprandial plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), total peptide-YY (PYY), and acyl-ghrelin in response to HP, HF, or HC meals. Overall postprandial plasma insulin response was more robust in the lean compared to obese subjects. The postprandial GLP-1 response after HF or HP meal was higher than HC meal in both lean and obese subjects. In obese subjects, HF meal induced higher response in postprandial PYY compared to HC meal. HP and HF meals also suppressed ghrelin greater compared to HC meal in the obese than lean subjects. In conclusion, a high-protein or high-fat meal induces a more favorable postprandial satiety and appetite hormonal response than a high-carbohydrate meal in obese insulin-resistant subjects.

Highlights

Obesity is a state of excess calorie intake and appetite dysregulation [1]
Fasting plasma glucose was similar between groups, but fasting plasma insulin was higher in obese subjects
Obese subjects had higher fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and PYY, but lower ghrelin concentrations compared to lean subjects, none of these differences reached statistical significance

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is a state of excess calorie intake and appetite dysregulation [1]. Satiety promoting diets that result in lower caloric intake may be helpful in promoting weight loss in obese individuals [2]. A low carbohydrate diet has been found to be an effective dietary regimen for weight loss [3, 4], and high protein diet has been suggested to be more satiating than other diet compositions [5]. Macronutrient intake and the postprandial satiety and appetite hormonal responses no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Objectives

Methods

Results