A Hierarchical Optimization Model for Shared Energy Storage and Multiple PV Prosumers: A Heuristic Algorithm and Stackelberg Game Method

Abstract

With the rapid development of the sharing economy and energy storage technology, the application of shared energy storage has become more and more important. A hierarchical optimization model for shared energy storage and multiple PV prosumers to provide reference ideas for the capacity allocation and pricing issues of shared energy storage operator is proposed in this paper. First, the system framework is introduced, and the role of each subject is analyzed. Next, a stackelberg model between the shared energy storage operator (leader) and multiple PV prosumers (followers) is established. Furthermore, considering the capacity allocation problem of shared energy storage operator, a bi-level optimization model is proposed, in which the upper layer is the capacity allocation problem, and the lower layer is the aforementioned stackelberg model, which can be solved by the heuristic algorithm. Finally, the IPOPT solver is combined on the MATLAB platform to solve the problem, and the situation when the shared energy storage operator cooperates with prosumers is discussed and compared, and it is verified that the advantage of this method in weighing the benefits of shared energy storage operator and prosumers. At the same time, the capacity configuration of shared energy storage is optimized.