Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in deep saline aquifers is a vital option for CO2 mitigation at a large scale. Determining storage capacity is one of the crucial steps toward large-scale deployment of CO2 storage. Results of capacity assessments tend toward a consensus that sufficient resources are available in saline aquifers in many parts of the world. However, current CO2 capacity assessments involve significant inconsistencies and uncertainties caused by various technical assumptions, storage mechanisms considered, algorithms, and data types and resolutions. Furthermore, other constraint factors (such as techno-economic features, site suitability, risk, regulation, social-economic situation, and policies) significantly affect the storage capacity assessment results. Consequently, a consensus capacity classification system and assessment method should be capable of classifying the capacity type or even more related uncertainties. We present a hierarchical framework of CO2 capacity to define the capacity types based on the various factors, algorithms, and datasets. Finally, a review of onshore CO2 aquifer storage capacity assessments in China is presented as examples to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed hierarchical framework.
Highlights
Carbon dioxide (CO2) geological utilization and storage (CCUS) technology is a vital technology to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas while utilizing fossil fuels and carbon-based material in the nearCO2 Storage Capacity and medium-term (Bui et al, 2018; Alova, 2020)
This study aims to present a unified hierarchical framework of CO2 storage capacity assessment to harmonize various methodologies and key factors of capacity assessment and provide a clearer definition of CO2 storage capacity types using trapping mechanisms, types and detailed levels of data, and related algorithms
Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in deep saline aquifers is an essential option for CO2 mitigation at a large scale
Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) geological utilization and storage (CCUS) technology is a vital technology to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas while utilizing fossil fuels and carbon-based material in the nearCO2 Storage Capacity and medium-term (Bui et al, 2018; Alova, 2020). CCUS technologies can beneficially use CO2 to recover useful underground resources (i.e., crude oil and saline water) that can generate incomes to offset the costs associated with CO2 capture, compression, transportation, and geological injection process, and store the gas in the geological formation permanently (Damiani et al, 2012; Aminu et al, 2017). The CO2 storage capacities face huge uncertainties because of complex geological reservoirs and various trapping mechanisms that instantaneously occur at different rates, spatial volume, and timescales, especially for CO2 storage in deep saline aquifer formations (Bachu et al, 2007; Bradshaw et al, 2007; Anderson, 2017). Stakeholders, especially decisionmakers, may face considerable difficulties in ascertaining the realistic capacity, risk, and related costs (Anderson, 2017; Elenius et al, 2018)
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