Abstract
This chapter focuses on the influence of Massachusetts intellectuals on Brazil in the late 1860s. Brazil had its own war to wage, and the Brazilian government vacillated when it came to acting against slavery. Exasperated by official procrastination, the Brazilian abolitionist movement redoubled its pressure on the political elite. Although radical abolitionists nurtured egalitarian visions for Brazil, moderate groups were able to take control and enact a gradual emancipation project that would ensure the continuation of the Brazilian planters' rule. Seeking to avoid the social upheaval that had taken place in the United States, political and intellectual elites from the two countries favored selective change in Brazil. They consciously set in motion a process of conservative modernization.
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