A healthy reduction in oil consumption and carbon emissions

Vehicles energy consumption produces several emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and noise. This paper attempts to evaluate potential reduction in oil consumption and CO2 emissions if the obese and overweight conditions were eliminated from the adult population through the use of walking or cycling for transportation, and if individuals between the ages of 10 and 64 adopted recommended levels of daily exercise by walking or cycling instead of driving. Substantial co-benefits accompany widespread adoption of physical activity. The results found that the reductions in emissions from substituting driving with walking and cycling are significant enough to show a possible improvement of air quality. The highest reduction of CO2 emissions comes from the substitution of driving with exercising by cycling for 7 hours a week, which amounts to 2.38 Tg (Teragram) of reduction.

Societal dependence on oil leads to increasingly negative social consequences throughout the world, including climate change, air pollution, political and economic instability, and habitat degradation. Reliance on the automobile for transportation also contributes to a sedentary lifestyle, an obesity epidemic and poor health. These problems are particularly pronounced in the USA, which currently consumes c. 27% of global oil production and produces c. 25% of global carbon emissions, and where c. 65% of adults are overweight or obese. Other countries throughout the world that replicate or hope to replicate the automobile-based lifestyle of the USA face similar problems now or in the near future. This paper develops and applies calculations relating the distances that could be travelled through recommended daily walking or cycling with weight loss, oil consumption and carbon emissions. These straightforward calculations demonstrate that widespread substitution of driving with distances travelled during recommended daily exercise could reduce the USA's oil consumption by up to 38%. This saving far exceeds the amount of oil recoverable from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, suggesting that exercise can reduce foreign oil dependence and provide an alternative to oil extraction from environmentally sensitive habitat. At the same time, an average individual who substitutes this amount of exercise for transportation would burn respectively c. 12.2 and 26.0 kg of fat per year for walking and cycling. This is sufficient to eliminate obese and overweight conditions in a few years without dangerous or draconian diet plans. Furthermore, a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of c. 35% is possible if the revenue saved through decreased health care spending on obesity is redirected toward carbon abatement. As a result, exercise-based transportation may constitute a favourable alternative to the energy and diet plans that are currently being implemented in the USA and may offer better development choices for developing countries.

The electric-utility sector currently consumes approximately 8% of the total oil used in the Nation. This oil represented about 15% of total fuel consumed by electric utilities in 1979. Two important factors that affect the level of utility oil consumption in 1980 are the substantial increase in coal-fired generating capacity and the uncertainty surrounding nuclear-plant licensing. With particular emphasis on these considerations, this report analyzes the potential for changes in electric-utility oil consumption in 1980 relative to the 1979 level. Plant conversions, oil to coal, for example, that may occur in 1980 are not considered in this analysis. Only the potential reduction in oil consumption resulting from new generating-capacity additions is analyzed. Changes in electric-utility oil consumption depend on, among other factors, regional-electricity-demand growth and generating-plant mix. Five cases are presented using various electricity-demand-growth rate assumptions, fuel-displacement strategies, and nuclear-plant-licensing assumptions. In general, it is likely that there will be a reduction in electric-utility oil consumption in 1980. Using the two reference cases of the report, this reduction is projected to amount to a 2 to 5% decrease from the 1979 oil-consumption level; 7% reduction is the largest reduction projected.

Effectively addressing today’s energy challenges requires advanced technologies along with policies that influence economic markets while advancing the public good.

05/01267 A healthy reduction in oil consumption and carbon emissions

Corrigendum to “A healthy reduction in oil consumption and carbon emissions?” [Energy Policy 33 (2005) 1–4

This study aims to analyze the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, and coal and oil consumption in Brazil, Russia, India, China, Turkey, and South Africa by using the bounds test approach autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) over the period from 1969 to 2011. According to ARDL analysis results, it is determined short-run and long-run relationships among selected variables. Three long-run estimators: ARDL cointegration, dynamic ordinary least squares, and fully modified ordinary least squares are utilized to test the robustness of the estimation results. The Granger causality and the forecast error variance decomposition approaches indicate the evidence of a causal relation between variables. According to empirical results, there are the evidence of a uni-directional Granger causality from real gross domestic product (GDP) to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in analyzed countries, uni-directional causality from coal consumption to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, uni-directional causality from oil consumption to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China, India, Turkey, and South Africa and bi-directional causality in Brazil and Russia. Meanwhile, there is bidirectional causality from GDP to coal consumption, from coal consumption to oil consumption for Brazil, Russia, China, Turkey, and South Africa. India's causality results reveal a bidirectional causality from GDP to coal consumption, oil consumption, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and the results of forecast error variance supported the results of the causality test.

Major US electric utility climate pledges have the potential to collectively reduce power sector emissions by one-third

China and the US were the world's top exporters and carbon emitters and the most crucial trading partners for each other at the same time. Trade interdependence between the two countries affect each country's carbon emissions, and linked to the world's total emissions. In order to research the effect of trade interdependence on carbon emissions of China and the US, we built a dynamic econometric model to distinguish long-term and short-term effects with datasets from 1992 to 2018 by means of the autoregressive- distributed- lag method. The results revealed that a 1% increase in trade interdependence was linked to a 0.038% decrease in China's carbon emissions and a 1.939% decrease in US emissions over the long-term. Moreover, trade interdependence produced a positive effect on China and US emissions in the short-term. In the short-term, trade interdependence decreased China's carbon emissions but increased US carbon emissions. By simulating a 1% of the counterfactual positive shock of trade interdependence, back- of- the- envelope estimations suggested a 0.220% reduction of carbon emissions for China and a 0.034% reduction for the US. At last, trade interdependence between China and the US, which reduced carbon emissions for each country in the long-term, so that policies on trade protectionism might not be necessary.

Modelling of Indonesian road transport energy sector in order to fulfill the national energy and oil reduction targets

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine manufacturers are increasingly concerned about oil consumption due to its implications for operating costs, emissions, and durability in both diesel and natural gas-powered engines. As future engines aim for low or near-zero emissions while utilizing low/zero carbon fuels, lubricant oil consumption will play a critical role in achieving decarbonization and emissions targets. Hydrogen-fuelled engines, in particular, will be more vulnerable to oil droplet and oil ash-based pre-ignition. Traditionally, the influence of key design parameters on oil consumption has been determined during the validation phase of an engine development program, which entails extensive testbed hours and time-consuming hardware iterations. As a result, development programs may be unable to optimize oil consumption due to cost and time constraints. The need to reduce oil consumption, along with these constraints, has prompted the adoption of more efficient development approaches, such as using virtual models to evaluate numerous design parameters before hardware implementation. In this paper, we discuss the development of an analytical method, designed to optimize oil consumption by analyzing ring pack & gas dynamics, and oil transport mechanisms for a Guascor Power E-Series gas engine. This method involved identifying the primary predicted factors contributing to oil consumption, isolating oil transport mechanisms for each piston ring, and subsequently developing and testing a series of design modifications to eliminate or improve oil origins. The optimization results indicated that a significant reduction in oil consumption could be achieved by altering specific details of the piston and ring pack design, while maintaining oil films for durability.</div></div>

Climate change is a complex and contentious public issue, but the risk-management options available to us are straightforward and have well-characterized strengths and weaknesses.

Automotive industry has seen implementation of advanced emission regulations like BS-VI in India along with growing market demand for increased product performance and reduction in total cost of ownership. This has made the engine architecture more intricate leading to complex interaction among engine and vehicle level parameters. This poses technical challenge for achieving critical product attributes like increased power density, higher fluid economy and reduced oil consumption (OC). The current paper focusses on reducing engine oil consumption across diverse duty cycles using simulation tools, vehicle data analytics and test cell Design of Experiments (DOE). The contribution of oil consumption mechanisms viz. oil evaporation, oil throw and oil transport have been understood across different loads and duty cycles patterns. The critical parameters at engine and vehicle levels are identified affecting low load and high load oil consumption. Vehicle testing is conducted, and the real time data analytics was used to identify correlation of vehicle duty cycle parameters like percentageof Idling,Thermal Management Operation, Coolant Temperature, etc. with measured oil consumption. Piston ring dynamics simulation has been used to optimize critical ring parameters impacting oil consumption through directional trends. DOE was conducted in engine test cell environment to assess effect of critical parameters like combustion temperature and oil ring tension for high load oil consumption. The new test cycles for verifying oil consumption at various loads are described. Results of interaction and main effects for individual factors are discussed. The parameters having weaker co-relations are also highlighted. The proposed solution is a combination of piston ring pack geometry features, thermal management calibration strategyand vehicle idling controls. The demonstration of final recipe of solution at vehicle level showed substantial improvement in oil consumption over baseline as well as over global industry benchmark. The improvement is demonstrated in the actual vehicle applications for mining tippers and tractors

Innovative means for reduction of oil consumption for over bed start-up of fluidised bed boilers

The effect of gasoline consumption tax on consumption and carbon emissions during a period of low oil prices