Abstract
Understanding how a low calorie intake slows ageing could revolutionize the way that we treat age-related diseases. One potential key to such treatments could be to enhance the local environment of stem cells. See Article p.490 Reducing caloric intake while maintaining adequate nutrition extends lifespan in diverse organisms, possibly by preserving stem- and progenitor-cell function. David Sabatini and colleagues show that in the mouse intestine, caloric restriction leads to an increased number of intestinal stem cells (ISC) with enhanced regenerative capacity. The effects are mediated by modulation of mTOR signalling in Paneth cells, important components of the ISC niche. Caloric restriction leads to the expression of the Bst1 gene in Paneth cells and subsequent secretion of cyclic ADP ribose, which acts on ISCs in a paracrine manner. These findings demonstrate a link between the stem-cell function and the nutritional status of an organism, and raise the possibility that mTORC1 inhibitors or Bst1 mimetics may have therapeutic application in improving intestinal regeneration and function.
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