A Hazards Analysis Critical Control Point Approach to Improving Reproductive Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract

A hazards analysis critical control point (HACCP) approach to the management of fertility in dairy herds was developed. Critical factors determining successful reproductive performance, defined as achieving 80% pregnancy rates in cows by 6 weeks after mating start or by 100 days after calving are discussed. Problems with a failure to submit sufficient cows for breeding soon after mating has commenced are identified. This problem can be a matter of policy in not breeding cows sufficiently soon after calving or can be determined by poor heifer or cow nutrition leading to anoestrus. Attention to detail in management of artificial insemination is important to achieving satisfactory results. Recent understandings of female fertility suggest that effective nutrition of the female herd will improve fertility through effective transition diet management and through careful formulation of lactating diets to provide optimal amounts of energy and protein to ensure excellent milk production while maintaining body weight. These factors were identified as having substantial effects on fertility of cows and display of oestrus. Good husbandry is required to reduce the effects of dominance behaviour of cows leading to excessive body tissue mobilisation in submissive cows. Time related activities are outlined to assist farm managers in achieving better fertility.