A Hand-Held, Intra-Operative Positron Imaging Probe for Surgical Applications

Abstract

We have developed a prototype intra-operative $\beta^{+} $ imaging probe to help tumor removal and malignant tissue resection. The probe can be used during surgery to provide clear delineation of malignant tissues. Our probe consists of a hybrid scintillator coupled to a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array with associated front-end electronics encapsulated in an ergonomic aluminum housing. Pulse shape discrimination electronics has been implemented and integrated into the downstream data acquisition system. The field of view of the probe is $10 \times 10~\hbox{mm}^{2}$ realized by a 0.4 mm thick CsI:Tl scintillator coupled to a 1 mm thick LYSO. While CsI:Tl layer acts as $\beta^{+} $ sensitive detector, LYSO detects gamma radiation where the gamma response can be subtracted from the total signal to improve SNR and contrast. The thickness of the LYSO scintillator is optimized such that it acts as light diffuser to spread the scintillation light generated in CsI:Tl over multiple SiPM pixels for accurate estimation of the $\beta^{+} $ interaction location. The probe shows $ FWHM spatial resolution in the presence of large background radiation. The probe was used to study rabbits with tongue tumors. The experimental results show that the probe can successfully locate the tongue tumors in its active imaging area.