Abstract
The storage mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, found worldwide in many habitats, is an important pest of edible fungi in China. Storage mites are tiny and difficult to observe, especially when they occur in fungi composts. In this study, one gustatory receptor protein (TputGR1) was identified from the transcriptome of T. putrescentiae. Phylogenetic analysis of GRs families from 10 arthropod species revealed that TputGR1 had high homology with the SccaGR1 of Sarcoptes scabiei and TurtGR1-2 of Tetranychus urticae, but low homology with other insect species, Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Bombyx mori, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Pediculus humanus. We developed a detection system for the mite on fungi hosts using the GR protein and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This procedure was rapid (60 min from sampling to result) and had high sensitivity (0.5 ng/mL). LAMP provided rapid and reliable detection of T. putrescentiae. It has good specificity for single samples and for large-scale surveys.
Highlights
The storage mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, is one of the most common synanthropic mites
The gustatory receptors (GRs) genes were used for rapid detection of the storage mite from sample materials including bacteria, host fungi, competitive fungi, and fungus gnats using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LMAP)
We identified distinct unigenes encoding one putative GR, and it was named TputGR1 following nomenclature previously established for T. putrescentiae[21]
Summary
The storage mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, is one of the most common synanthropic mites It has a wide range of habitats, including stored products, crop seeds, mushrooms, foods of domestic animals and pets, and house dust[1]. Animals use semiochemicals or pheromones to communicate, and have a series of behavioral responses, such as feeding, mating, avoidance, marking territory, finding prey, and host recognition[13,14] In this process, several important chemosensory gene families are involved, including odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), pheromone binding protein (PBPs), odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs) and chemical receptors, such as odorant (ORs), ionotropic (IRs) and gustatory receptors (GRs)[15]. Its advantages over PCR-based techniques include shorter reaction time, no need for specific equipment, high sensitivity and specificity, and comparably low susceptibility to inhibitors present in sample materials. This enables detection of the pathogens in sample materials without lengthy sample preparation
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